Which of the following is not considered an element of a victim's reaction to crime?

Frustration is not typically recognized as a primary element of a victim's reaction to crime, whereas fear, shock, and withdrawal are more common responses observed in individuals who have experienced criminal acts. Fear often emerges as a direct result of feeling unsafe or threatened, shock can be a reaction to the immediacy and impact of the crime, and withdrawal may occur as a coping mechanism where the victim retreats socially or emotionally. These reactions are integral to understanding the emotional aftermath of a crime and can be critical in providing appropriate support and resources for victims. In this context, considering the psychological and emotional effects on victims helps law enforcement and support services to better address their needs and advocacy post-incident.