What term refers to groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics?

The term that best describes groups of people with common ancestry and physical characteristics is race. In sociological and anthropological contexts, race refers to the categorization of humans based on perceived physical differences, such as skin color, facial features, and other bodily characteristics, which are often linked to shared ancestry. This classification can influence social dynamics, perceptions, and interactions in various societies.

While ethnicity also pertains to groups with a shared background, it emphasizes shared cultural traits, languages, traditions, and sometimes, geographic origins rather than physical characteristics. Community refers to a group of individuals living in the same area or having a particular shared interest, which does not necessarily include ancestral or physical attributes. Culture encompasses the shared practices, beliefs, and values of a group, but again, it diverges from the biological emphasis found in the concept of race. Therefore, race is the most appropriate term to define groups characterized by common ancestry and physical traits.